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The View from the Manbul-jeon Hall at Boriam Hermitage in Namhae, Gyeongsangnam-do.

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Hermitage History and Myth

Boriam Hermitage is located on Mt. Geumsan (704.9 m) in the southern part of Namhae, Gyeongsangnam-do. Boriam Hermitage was first established in 683 A.D. by the famed monk Wonhyo-daesa (617-686 A.D.) near the end of his life. Wonhyo-daesa was drawn to this location because of the amazing appearance of the mountain. Wonhyo-daesa saw light emitting from the mountain. Wonhyo-daesa described this light as a “light beyond description.” So he named the mountain Mt. Bogwangsan, and he named the new temple Bogwangwa Temple.

Boriam Hermitage gained famed as the site where General Yi Seong-gye (King Taejo), who would become the founding king of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), performed ritual prayers. It’s believed that Yi Seong-gye (King Taejo) stayed at Boriam Hermitage for one hundred days to seek guidance to sufficiently lead his new kingdom, as well as to have the wisdom and good fortune to establish this new kingdom. It’s also believed that Yi Seong-gye (King Taejo) promised Gwanseeum-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Compassion) and the local Sanshin (Mountain Spirit) that he would wrap the entire mountain in silk if he was successful in his establishment of a new dynasty: the Joseon Dynasty. Sadly this promise was never fulfilled; but his future successor, King Hyeonjong of Joseon (r.1659-1674) would carry out this promise by renaming the mountain where Boriam Hermitage is located from Mt. Bogwangsan to Mt. Geumsan. It was also at this time that the temple was renamed to Boriam Hermitage from Bogwangsa Temple. Boriam Hermitage means “Enlightenment Hermitage” in English. At this time, Boriam Hermitage was designated as the “vowing temple of the royal family.”

Boriam Hermitage is one of the five most famous temples in Korea for the worship of Gwanseeum-bosal. It’s a Gwaneum-doryang, and it’s reputed that Boriam Hermitage is one of five sites where Gwanseeum-bosal is supposed to dwell in Korea.

More recently, Boriam Hermitage has undergone three renovations and reconstructions in the 20th century. The first took place in 1901, followed by one in 1954. The final of the three renovations took place in 1969 with the completion of the large, stone statue dedicated to Gwanseeum-bosal that overlooks the South Sea.

Boriam Hermitage has quite an interesting myth, as well, related to the three-story pagoda that was meant to enshrine the partial remains of Seokgamoni-bul (The Historical Buddha) that were brought with Queen Heo on her voyage. The stone pagoda sits on a rock ledge that overlooks the South Sea at the hermitage. According to this myth, the pagoda was first built from the stones that Queen Heo brought with her from India. Queen Heo is the legendary/mythical queen mentioned in the 13th century text the Samguk Yusa. According to the Samguk Yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), Queen Heo became the wife of King Suro of Geumgwan Gaya (42?-199 A.D.) at the age of sixteen. After arriving on the Korean peninsula by boat from a distant kingdom called the Ayuta Kingdom, Queen Heo became the first queen of Geumgwan Gaya. Together, King Suro and Queen Heo would have twelve children (two of whom took on her family name). But while Queen Heo is referenced in the Samguk Yusa and the Garak-gukgi (The Record of Garak Kingdom), which is now lost, there is no mention of Queen Heo in any pre-modern Indian sources. What further casts doubt on this myth is that the stones that make up the three-story pagoda are made of granite. What’s more likely is that the pagoda was first built during the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392). Either way, even if the myth seems unlikely, it’s an interesting myth that attempts to connect Boriam Hermitage to the ancient Gaya Confederacy (42-562 A.D).

Some of this information can be found in David Mason’s book “An Encyclopedia of Korean Buddhism.”

Hermitage Layout

Arriving at the base of Mt. Geumsan, which is apart of Hallyeohaesang National Marine Park, you’ll need to pay the 2,000 won entrance fee to the national park to gain access to Boriam Hermitage. After paying the Hallyeohaesang National Marine Park entry fee, there are three ways to get to the top of Mt. Geumsan. The first is that you can walk the nearly four kilometre trail up the mountain, which I don’t recommend. The second way you can get to the top of the mountain is by a shuttle bus. This shuttle bus leaves frequently from the base of Mt. Geumsan. The third way you can get to the top of Mt. Geumsan is by car, but you’ll probably need to wait in line until a parking spot opens up in the limited parking lot spaces for Boriam Hermitage. If you do in fact drive to Boriam Hermitage, I recommend getting there early to avoid the lines.

After finally getting to the top of Mt. Geumsan, you’ll pass by the ticket booth at Boriam Hermitage. Entry to the hermitage is a very reasonable 1,000 won. The hike from this booth to the main hermitage grounds is a beautiful one kilometre hike. Boriam Hermitage is very popular, so just follow the crowds to make sure you don’t get lost. Along the way, you’ll catch glimpses of the South Sea off in the distance. This view is what makes Boriam Hermitage so famous and popular.

Finally nearing the hermitage grounds, you’ll come to a second parking lot. This smaller parking lot houses a convenience store. It’s also from this second parking lot that you’ll finally get a clear view of the South Sea and the tiny islands that dot the horizon. The view is breath-taking.

A little further up the trail, and at a fork in the trail, you’ll need to turn left. Descending down a large set of stairs, you’ll finally be in the compact hermitage grounds. To your immediate left, and past the hermitage’s administration office, is the Manbul-jeon Hall (10,000 Buddhas Hall). Inside this temple shrine hall, as the name kind of alludes to, are ten thousand Seokgamoni-bul (Historical Buddha) statuettes. These statuettes line all of the interior walls to the Manbul-jeon Hall. And sitting in the centre of the main altar triad is a larger sized statue of Seokgamoni-bul. It’s from out in front of the Manbul-jeon Hall that you get, arguably, the most impressive view of the South Sea from Boriam Hermitage.

Stepping into the centre of the hermitage courtyard, you’ll be flanked by the Wontong-jeon Hall to your right and an observation hall to your left. Both are fairly long in length. Surrounding the Wontong-jeon main hall are paintings of Gwanseeum-bosal (The Bodhisattva of the Afterlife). And sitting all alone on the main altar inside the Wontong-jeon Hall is a diminutive statue of Gwanseeum-bosal on a red silk pillow.

Behind the Wontong-jeon Hall, and up a steep set of stone stairs, is the temple’s Sanshin-gak Hall. Inside this rather plain shaman shrine hall is a beautiful painting dedicated to Sanshin (The Mountain Spirit). The main highlight to this painting is the uniquely painted tiger that peers around the side of the Mountain Spirit.

To the left of the Wontong-jeon Hall is the Jong-ru (Bell Pavilion). And the final area that visitors can explore at Boriam Hermitage is down a flight of stairs next to the Jong-ru. Down these stairs, and up a smaller set, is a ledge that houses a tall, slender statue dedicated to Gwanseeum-bosal. This stone statue looks serenely out onto the sea. And to the statue’s right is the aforementioned three-story pagoda. Like from the Manbul-jeon Hall, there are some breath-taking views of the South Sea from here.

How To Get There

From the Namhae bus terminal, which is called “Namhae Gongyong Terminal – 남해공용터미널,” you’ll need to catch a taxi to get to Boriam Hermitage. The ride should last about twenty-five minutes, or 16.1 k.m., and it’ll cost you 20,000 won one way.

 

Overall Rating: 8/10

While the hermitage buildings aren’t the most impressive that you’ll see at a Korean Buddhist temple, this is more than made up for by the spectacular views from the heights of Boriam Hermitage. The views from the standing Gwanseeum-bosal statue and the Manbul-jeon Hall have the greatest vistas of the South Sea. Truly, the neighbouring landscape is second-to-none; and arguably, the most beautiful that you’ll find at a Korean temple or hermitage for that matter.

The amazing view as you first approach Boriam Hermitage.

The first sign of the hermitage grounds as you approach.

The view with the observation hall at Boriam Hermitage.

One of the most beautiful views at Boriam Hermitage.

Inside the Manbul-jeon Hall. It’s from just outside this hall that you get the most amazing view.

The main altar inside the Wontong-jeon Hall.

The spectacular view from the Sanshin-gak Hall.

The stone statue of Gwanseeum-bosal alongside the three-story pagoda from the founding myth.

A look up at the observation hall at Boriam Hermitage.

A better look at Gwanseeum-bosal (The Bodhisattva of Compassion).

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In this lesson we'll learn about the grammar forms 위해(서) and 위한 - and we'll learn how to use it with both verbs and nouns.

We're up to lesson 92, and the final episode in this series will be 100.

Remember that this course goes in order, so start from the very beginning if you're new to this series. Everything builds upon the previous lessons and goes in order.

The post Billy Go’s Beginner Korean Course | #92: It’s For You appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

field_vote:  0 Your rating: None

In this lesson we'll learn about the grammar forms 위해(서) and 위한 - and we'll learn how to use it with both verbs and nouns.

We're up to lesson 92, and the final episode in this series will be 100.

Remember that this course goes in order, so start from the very beginning if you're new to this series. Everything builds upon the previous lessons and goes in order.

The post Billy Go’s Beginner Korean Course | #92: It’s For You appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

field_vote:  0 Your rating: None

On February 28, Koreabridge.net upgraded its software and moved to a new server.  If all went well, there shouldn’t be any significant change in functionality and only minor changes in how things look.  Hopefully, once we settle in, we can add additional features and maybe even get some cosmetic surgery :)

If you encounter any problems using the site or have any feedback, please let us know as soon as possible.  You can comment below or send an email to [email protected].

An archived version of the ‘old site’ will be online at Koreabridge.COM until March 5. Any private messages sent between after February 26-28 were not transferred to the new site. You should still have been notified and can check them there until March 5.

We're an English Speaking Christian Church (led by an American Missionary) We're an inter-denominatioal ministry and our mission is to equip and serve the international community for Jesus Christ.

Our church is located in North West Busan, near Yulli station. Come join us for Worship and Fellowship! 

Adult English Worship Service: Sunday 1:30 p.m. - 7th Floor of Cultural Bldg.  

• The Cultural Bldg is the tall glass building on the right side of the main church.
• Enter Cultural Building on ground floor entrance and go up to 1st Flr.
• Or Enter Main Church Bldg and go up to B1 level. Go across the B1 corridor to Cultural Bldg. and take elevator to the 7th floor.

         Sermons online at www.podowon.or.kr - scroll to "Adult English Worship"

Children' English Worship: Sunday at 10:00 a.m. (B206) for grades 1-6.

• B206 is located in the Main Church Bldg. Go to level B2 - down left side hallway. 

Address: 16 Hyoyeol-ro, Buk-gu, Busan  / Podowon Church "Dream Center"

Taxi - Yulli Station 율리역 - Podowon Church 포도원교회

for driver - 부산광역시 북구 효열로 16 (금곡동, 포도원교회)

Subway: Take Green Line 2 to #236 - 율리Yulli station. Out Exit 4 - go to corner - turn right

• Walking Directions: Church is 2 Minutes from Exit 4 (See Map)

Bus #: 15, 111, 121, to Yulli Station 율리역 Stop

• Walking Directions: Church is 3 Minutes from Bus Stop. (See Map)

Location: 

• Busan

Event Type: 

• Religious

Classified Ad Type: 

• Job Wanted

Location: 

• Seoul

Contact person by emailHello, I’m Michael G. Gallagher, and I’d like to offer you my services as an English language consultant.   As everybody in Korea knows, English is one of the main international languages. So, it automatically follows that a workable knowledge of English could greatly improve a person’s chances for success in life. This is especially true if a person wishes to work for a western company or any other type of organization here in Korea or overseas.  And apart from having good English conversation skills, the ability to create and deliver powerful presentations, succeed at job interviews, and writing a good resume and cover letter in English, are all essential for any professional person hoping advance themselves in today’s international world.   Here’s how I can help you if you decide to use my services.   * During a first interview, we will meet and I will evaluate your needs.   * After that interview, we will both together lay out a possible course of study for you. This    can include the following: a. Writing resumes and cover letters that will help you get a job interview.   b. I will coach you on how to have a successful job interview. This will include one  or more practice job interviews with me acting as your possible future employer. After the practice interview we will get together and discuss how you can improve your performance.   c. Creating and organizing powerful presentations, whether it’s for school, work, or a conference. Great emphasis will be placed on writing and delivering a successful speech. This will include coaching on organization, posture, gestures, and voice projection. As with the practice job interviews, after your practice presentation we will talk about what changes, if any, are needed to improve your performance.   My qualifications   My original field of study was not ESL. I have MA and Ph.D. degrees in International Studies from the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida, USA. Before coming to Korea, I taught ESL in mainland China and politics in Hong Kong. Here in Korea I have 17 ½ years teaching experience at the university level. A good part of that experience involved teaching students how to create effective presentations, how to prepare resumes and cover letters, and how to have a successful job interview. Apart from my university teaching career, I have also taught at hagwons, where my students often included business executives and other professional people. Considering this extensive teaching background, I believe that I can offer anybody that employs my services a serious chance of achieving their professional goals.   Rates: To be discussed after our first meeting.   Contact information:  phone # 010-2848-7685, e-mail [email protected], Kakao Talk. Corona-19: For now, at least, all instruction will be online using Zoom, Skype, or Webex. S091000078_1511181559000_00001.jpg

Classified Ad Type: 

• For Sale Items

Location: 

• Busan

Neighborhood: HaeundaeContact person by emailHello, I'm trying to sell my 43" NEX TV. This TV was purchased in August of 2020 and hasn't been used a ton. I'm including a TV stand that was purchased separately. The TV is a bit wobbly on it, but it works just fine. I have the original box and stand in case you don't like the one I have! Here is the link to the exact TV on Gmarket: http://mg.gmarket.co.kr/Item?goodscode=719981534 I am located near Jangsan exit 14 and get off around 6 PM. Shoot me a message or comment if you're interested! It needs to be gone by Saturday if possible.

 

Tweet Yes No Not sure Poll: Will you get a Covid-19 vaccine as soon as it's available?

Examination day with BGN! Let`s learn more together! Tweet

Examination day with BGN! Let`s learn more together!

Many patients wish to get rid of glasses or contact lenses, but don`t know what to start with.
It is not as complicated as you may think!

Today BGN Eye Hospital will introduce you each step you may face when visiting us for a LASIK consultation. Let`s start!

Step 1. Registration and personal information gathering

All patients fill in informational paper in preferred language (English, Russian, Korean)
We check previous medical history and history of contact lenses use. Also we check patient`s preferences and lifestyle to make sure the best customized surgery would be recommended after examination.

Step 2 Examination

BGN provides over 50+ comprehensive examinations to choose the best option for each patient.

These examinations include retina OCT, fundus check, corneal endothelial cells check, corneal topography, ORB and Pentacam cornea check, corneal pachymetry (cornea thickness check).

Corneal examinations are very important as corneal thickness, shape and diameter play main role in choosing Laser Vision Correction type.

MR check - or manual refraction check is also a very important examination during which we check patient`s refractive errors and maximum possible correction. That`s when we can let you know if you should expect 20/20 vision after surgery

Step 3 Doctor`s visit

 So all examinations are done and the next step would be doctor`s visit. After analysing examination results doctor will let you know if all eye structures including cornea and retina are healthy and if you are a candidate for all kinds of surgeries or just some of them.

Step 4 Surgery consultation

During surgery consultation we will explain in detail all examination results, explain possible surgery options, answer all your questions and help to choose the best option for each patient.

Step 5 DNA test

After deciding on the surgery type, we will proceed with the surgery booking on the preferred date. Surgery also can be done on the same day upon patient`s wish. Usually DNA testing takes from 24 to 48 hours, but in case of the same day surgery express test, that takes only 2 hours, is also available without any extra charge. DNA testing is included in every surgery price, and is done with the purpose to check that patient does not have Avellino corneal genetic disease and Laser Vision Correction is fully safe.

Now you have spent one examination day with BGN, and are one step closer to your 20/20 vision!

The next step would be to contact us and book a free LASIK consultation to find the best option for you!

Currently BGN has winter discounts for all types of SMILE surgeries as well as huge promotion upcoming for Lunar New Year holidays. Hurry up to book your appointment these holidays season today!

 

To book a consultation at BGN please contact them at direct line 010-7670-3995

Kakao: eye1004bgnbusan,

Facebook : eyehospitalinkorea  or

Email: [email protected]

 

 

Teaching kindergarteners about homosexuality? SMOE faces controversy Tweet

After a five year hiatus, the Kimchi Queen is back! 

Coronavirus has been hard and boring. Hubby and I live in Pittsburgh now and life just seems like work then sit around the house then work some more. Since I'm no longer traveling for work, I decided to get back to blogging! (Also brush up my Korean) I'm probably never going to get back to posting every day like I did back in 2015, but I'm going to try to post something once a week. Mostly translations! Google translate has gotten much better over the past 5 years, but I do think there is still some value in curating and translating for the blogiverse. 

For my first translation, I'm going to translate an article from the Seoul Economy Daily (서울경제신문) on a controversial plan to protect students (including LGBTQ students) by my old employer - the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education.  This article leans heavily conservative, so I might also find a more liberal take on this story. 

A controversy is brewing over the 3-year Comprehensive Plan for Student Human Rights put forward by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education (SMOE) beginning in 2021. This is because some members of  the church and parents believe it is a plan to push a leftist agenda on students as young as three years old. As the controversy spreads, including more than 20,000 people signing a petition against the plan on SMOE's homepage, SMOE clarified that the plan's purpose was to protect students' rights and provide education on human rights. 

According to the office of education, on the ministry's homepage on January 15th someone had posted a petition titled 'Against the Comprehensive Plan for Student Human Rights which will inculcate children as young as 3 on gender ideologies and biased ideas" and by 10:45 that morning approximately 23,400 people had signed. From the 12th of this month until the 11th of January, if more than 10,000 people had signed the ministry would have to provide a response, but this was reached within two days.

A petitioner who identified themselves as a parent wrote "I couldn't believe the contents of the planned Comprehensive Plan for Student Human Rights" and that "from three years old (pre-school, primary, middle, and high school) protecting the human rights of sexual minorities ... they are going beyond protecting rights to confusing the normal students." Furthermore, "This is making it possible for our democratic education to be corrupted into a biased, ideological education, especially at an age when children are highly susceptible to this type of inculcation" arguing that this plan violates the neutrality of education. 

The Comprehensive Plan for Student Human Rights is a plan established by the superintendent for schools in Seoul every three years in accordance with the Seoul Student Rights Ordinance. This plan has 20 initiatives, including protecting LGBTQIA students' rights and supplying guidelines to prevent discrimination. The fact that this includes not only polices related to LGBTQIA students in elementary, middle, and high schools, but also establishes education on sexual minorities at kindergartens has resulted in a backlash from parents and church groups. 

Recently, the Seoul Education Love Parent Association and other groups stated that "the strengthening of human rights education on sexual minorities and  dispatching investigators to investigate sexual harassment events" will "result in stigmatizing students who don't agree as they fear of being labeled as discriminatory."  Furthermore, as it relates to 'democratic citizenship education' content, 'We have to clarify what kind of citizen education we provide - whether that is as a socialist democracy or a liberal democracy." 

Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education has released a press release repeating that "education on sexual minority rights is not compulsory and is implemented at the school level" and that "information on AIDS and homosexuality reflects the medical position of national medical institutions, the World Health Organization, the World Psychiatric Association, and the American Psychological Association. In addition, "It aims to  cultivate citizens of a democratic community through both training and capacity strengthening for teachers, and to develop instructional materials for democratic citizenship education, which has no relation to left-wing communist revolutionary ideologies." Regarding the contents related to LGBTQIA people, the statement added "LGBTQIA education is not suitable for kindergarten students due to their developmental stages," and that, "The content in the Comprehensive Human Rights Plan is to strengthen support for LGBTQ students."

Don’t Bet on a Biden Breakthrough with North Korea – but ... Tweet

 

This is a re-post of an essay I wrote last month for The National Interest, but since Biden just became president, this seems like a good time to put it up here.

The short version is that America’s North Korea policy options are poor, so now that the adults are back in charge, US policy toward North Korea will probably snap-back to pre-Trump form. Trump tried all sorts of hijinks – threatening war, then cozying up to Kim Jong Un – but none of it was ever serious and all of it failed, because Trump was buffoonish dilettante.

And yes, the status quo with NK is bad, but the options are worse – war or appeasement, basically – so this is why the containment and deterrence of North Korea has basically been our North Korea policy for decades even though no one likes it. I figure that is what is coming back now.

The full essay follows the jump:

 

There has inevitably been much discussion since Joseph Biden’s election victory of how he might change American North Korea policy. Much of it turns on hopes that Biden will pursue more fruitful engagement than the erratic negotiations current US President Donald Trump in the last few years.

This should indeed be the case. Biden is obviously an establishmentarian. He has deep roots in the foreign policy community of Washington, DC. He was chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and played a major foreign policy role as vice-president to former President Barack Obama. And his cabinet selections to date have been seasoned Washington hands.

The contrast with Trump will be fairly obvious. Biden will be more steady on North Korea, rather than swinging dramatically from confrontation to conciliation as Trump did. Nor will Biden place as much emphasis on public relations. All the Trump sideshows – the search for a Nobel Prize, the forced bonhomie with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, the outlandish language – will disappear.

Instead Biden will return to the long slog that is negotiating with North Korea. There will be no summit unless negotiations merit it, so most of the work will re-submerge into the depths of the State Department and North Korean Foreign Ministry. Perhaps some manner of deal will arise from working level-talks. But given how poorly such efforts have gone in the past, this is hardly likely.

There will be no war threats, nor rhetorical attacks on America’s South Korean ally. Instead, North Korea will likely be a mid-level issue for Biden: occasionally grabbing attention when the North does something outrageous, but otherwise the stalemated status quo of the last decade will likely reassert itself. And with so many other issues afoot – covid, tense relations with China, repairing alliances – the Biden team is likely to accept that stalemate by default.

The status quo is not ideal, but it is one all sides have slowly accustomed themselves to and can live with given the risks of change. It is essentially a stalemate. North Korea remains unbowed – still a Cold War relic, unliberalized and orwellian – and it has nuclear weapons. So long as those are not proliferated, the world resigns itself to the permanent sanction, isolation, deterrence, and containment of the North.

In other words, the Korean division remains as entrenched as ever, and although now nuclearized, it remains basically stable. The US is unwilling to risk war for denuclearization, and so long as it the North is responsible with its nuclear program, the US is accommodating itself to North Korea as a nuclear weapons state. The US will never admit this however, and the cost for North Korea is permanent exclusion from world politics. The North Korean elite, in turn, is willing to accept this banishment as it does not care if its people suffer the costs of global isolation, and it also believes, rightly, that nuclear weapons are its best deterrent against external attack.

This status quo is unhappy and dangerous: it punishes the North Korean people brutally; it dramatically raises the level of violence possible if the Korean War returns; it leaves a geopolitical flashpoint permanently unresolved with all the possibilities of misperception and inadvertent incidents that entails. But it is also stable. All sides prefer it to the costs of pursuing change:

– The US would like denuclearization, but the costs are too high: Strikes raise the possibility of war; a deal would require huge US strategic concessions, such as the withdrawal of the US from South Korea, which Washington is unwilling to make. So the US has adjusted.

– The North would like sanctions lifted and normalization, but the costs are also too high: Denuclearization is the clear price for an entry into world politics as a (somewhat) normal state. The United Nations Security Council has voted for sanctions, and even China and the dovish South Korean left support the North’s denuclearization. Given that the Pyongyang elite can push the costs of sanctions off onto the population – the people who run North Korea can still access the luxury goods of the global economy through smuggling – it too has chosen to adjust.

It is not clear what Biden can do to alter these deep-seated structures behind the grim, long-standing status quo. Trump tried all sorts of antics and gimmicks, only to drop North Korea as an irresolvable issue. His predecessor Obama tried a deal in 2012 which fell apart almost immediately. The South Korean left, now in power, has tried relentlessly for years to pull North Korea out its shell, only to regularly receive Pyongyang’s abuse.

So Biden will likely give North Korea a ‘college try’ – he will put out diplomatic feelers, consult with allies, go slow on the rhetoric – but it is unlikely he would make the huge concessions the North would demand for denuclearization. And there will be many other pressing issues. So the status quo stalemate is likely return, and that will be good enough for Biden.

Robert E Kelly
Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science & Diplomacy
Pusan National University

@Robert_E_Kelly

 

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North Korea’s 2021 Nuclear Modernization Announcements Tweet

This is a re-post of an essay I just wrote for The National Interest. I discuss the recent announcement at the 8th Workers Party to Congress to significantly modernize and expand the North’s nuclear and missile arsenal.

A lot was announced, but my inclination is to agree with Ankit Panda that the development of battlefield nuclear weapons is the most important announcement. I noted this in my comments to Ankit on Twitter: “These strike me as a battlefield leveler for NK’s military which is technologically far behind. Also South Korea is really dense in just a few places/cities, and it has a few highly vulnerable critical junctures, like the highway Route 1 running through the mountains or Busan port. Battlefield nukes would be ideal for disrupting these junctures.”

The full essay follows the jump:

 

North Korea recently convened the Eighth Congress of its ruling Workers Party. These are, of course, highly scripted affairs, but for outsiders, they offer one of the few windows into North Korean policy-making which we have. The speeches and reports released provide at least a general sense of where the North Korean elite sees the country’s economic development and foreign relations especially.

Much of this year’s focus on has been the proposed major expansion of North Korea’s nuclear capabilities. Updates and improvements include longer-range missiles, hypersonic missiles, and smaller, tactical nuclear warheads to supplement the larger weapons which provide the bulk on North Korean deterrence against the US and other foreign opponents. (For fuller technical details on the modernization, try here.) The political backdrop of justification is America’s unchanging ‘hostile policy.’

Politically, this is not very surprising in its broad strokes. Relations between the US and North Korea have been very poor for a long time, of course. North Korea explicitly sought nuclear weapons to deter the United States from attacking it. Northern nuclear negotiators routinely invoked the fate of Saddam Hussein of Iraq or Moammar Kaddafi of Libya as justification: had those leaders possessed nuclear weapons, the US would not have attacked them. This logic is almost certainly correct.

The timing at the end of US President Donald Trump’s term is also likely not a coincidence. North Korea achieved the ability to strike the United States with a large nuclear weapon in late 2017. It then paused the development and elaboration of its nuclear and missile programs, likely to see what might come of Trump’s effort to engage North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un in negotiation.

This pause was strategically wise. North Korea did not give up anything. No nuclear weapons or missiles were surrendered, but it did give Trump the illusion of progress and some breathing space to make a serious offer to the North. Trump never managed to offer concessions remotely commensurate to his demands though. The Americans repeatedly insisted on terms close to total disarmament in exchange for sanctions relief. This was wildly unbalanced in America’s favor – and Kim himself made analogously unbalanced offers in the North’s favor. Further, the North Koreans likely sensed, as much of the commentariat did over time, that Trump seemed more interested in the imagery and media coverage of the meetings than in the details of a deal. In the end, the talks simply withered away.

Now comes Joseph Biden as the new American president, and he is a well-known hawk on North Korea. As chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and vice president under former President Barack Obama, Biden cleaved to fairly establishmentarian approaches to the North. He advocated sanctions, deeper cooperation with South Korea and Japan, and pushing China to help rein in Pyongyang. This is not terribly imaginative; it basically follows the contain-and-sanction consensus on North Korea policy which has developed over decades in Washington. Nor is it dangerous or war-threatening, like Trump’s course in 2017; Biden is no bomber. But it does mean that US-North Korea relations will likely return to confrontational status quo which has characterized them for decades.

In short, the North probably held off on further nuclear and missile rollouts and elaborations after 2017 to see if Trump was serious in his outreach. He was not, and Biden is a pretty standard North Korea hawk. So now Pyongyang will return developing a modern, multifaceted program.

The military implications are less clear. As Ankit Panda notes, the move to tactical nuclear weapons is the most concerning. North Korea’s ability to deter a US regime change assault depends primarily on its ability to deliver a large nuclear weapon to the US mainland. That requires an intercontinental ballistic missile and a warhead of at least several hundred kilotons in yield. Such a weapon would parallel those built by the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War to hold each other’s cities hostage and maintain peace through a balance of fear.

That worked during the US-Soviet stand-off, and we assume that this is the goal of North Korea too. And its developments before 2018 – larger warheads, missile of greater throw-weight – suggest that it sought this traditional deterrence relationship. This is obviously not a good development, but it is understandable. We know the logic behind such weapons procurement.

Tactical nuclear weapons are different. They have a much lower yield. Scenarios for them often include use on a battlefield or against extremely hardened underground targets. This is unnerving. For what purpose, then, would the North Koreans want such weapons? That the North Koreans provide no doctrinal statements on nuclear use or planning makes this question even more opaque:

One scenario floating for years on the most hawkish fringes of the analyst community is that North Korea actually wants nukes to bully South Korea into submission, not simply for defense. Another is that North Korea will at some point be so desperate for foreign exchange because of sanctions, that it will start proliferating its nukes and missiles for money. A third is that North Korea might actually use nuclear weapons on the battlefield in South Korea in the case of a war. North Korea’s military is large but obsolete, and South Korea has just a few, extremely dense cities and several critical infrastructure junctures in an otherwise mountainous country.

In each case, low-yield nukes fit the frightening script. This is something we will need to watch closely.

Robert E Kelly
Assistant Professor
Department of Political Science & Diplomacy
Pusan National University

@Robert_E_Kelly

 

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LTW: Iran captures S. Korean oil tanker to get oil money back Tweet

Good morning,

While the whole Korean peninsula turned into Kor-beria with temp dropping to -24 Celsius, the coldest in 35 years, Iran seized a S.Korean oil tanker in Strait of Hormuz on Jan 4, holding 20 crew members. Though Iran cited environmental sea pollution by the tanker, it was clear Iran's move is aimed at pressuring S.Korean government to speed up the release of the 7 billion oil dollars S.Korea is holding to follow the U.S. sanction against Iran.  The two countries have been working on finding a solution such as paying with Covid 19 vaccines, but not much progress.  S.Korea immediately dispatched top officials to Tehran for dialogue, despite Iran's refusal to their entry. It is feared the seizure will last long as there is no easy solution under the current hostile U.S.-Iran relationship. S.Korea turned into a  shrimp caught between two fighting whales or suffering grass under fighting elephants.

There is only one street in Seoul named after a foreign city.  Tehran-ro. Ro meaning street.  One of the busiest streets in Seoul, Tehran- ro was named  so when President Park Jung-hee and Iran's King Pahlavi agreed to name a street for each capital city in 1977. Total of 3.7km (2.3mi) long, Tehran-ro stretches from Gangnam Station through Renaissance Hotel  to Samseong Station where  Intercontinental Hotel is located.  A must visit street when you are in Seoul with your family, but just don't get close to a large beige building next to the Intercontinental Hotel for peace in your family.  Hyundai Department Store filled with Prada, Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Gucci, Cartier, Tiffany, Rolex....

Regards,

H.S.

P.S: Hyundai Motor stocks jumped 19.2% on Jan 9, the highest daily pick-up since 1988, after news of talk with Apple. So confidential, even a key direct report to Hyundai Chairman was not aware of this deal. More to follow when the deal is finalized.

Tweet Climbing Gajisan Highest Mountain Yongnam Alps is a feat to be talked about, with an air of some pride. I managed to accomplish this feat twice now. This video is a summary of my first climb to the top of this mountain, and if you would like to see how to climb 2400 meters in South Korea, something that isn't easily attained as the highest peak here is Halasan at 1947 meters, then you will most certainly follow the Living Korea channel, like this video, subscribe to the channel and hit the notification bell button so as not to miss the next upcoming videos on the channel.

Liv'in' Korea Crypto Father

 

 

Climbing Gajisan Highest Mountain Yongnam Alps -

Exploring The Markets and Alleyways of Daegu Tweet

Recently, I had the chance to explore the alleys of Daegu with a TV crew from Busan MBC. It was an amazing experience and I have to give a huge shoutout to Noe Alonzo for recommending me for this project. It was filmed over 4 days in Daegu and will air sometime weekly on MBC in Busan.

Before I get into the locations, I just want to touch on the experience as a whole, as this was part of a tv series where the team from Busan MBC follows a foreign photographer around the alleyways of not only Korea but abroad too. However, due to the COVID travel restrictions this season is dedicated to Korea.

I have been on TV here and there over the years and am certainly no stranger to interviews and whatnot. However, being a host and the main focus of the episode was very interesting. It was also a little intimidating as well because even though I have been to Daegu many times, I had not been to any of the areas which we covered in the 2 episodes that I filmed with them.

However, I must say that the team from Busan MBC was one of the best groups of people that I have ever worked with. They were professional, courteous and above all patient. Bear in mind, that Korean is not my native tongue and I still struggle with the language quite a bit. So we had an amazing translator on hand to help with the language barrier. With that being said, I still had to deliver my lines on the spot in front of not only the crew but bystanders as well.

Chilsung Market

This was one of the places that I felt like I had stepped back in time but also that I really don’t belong there. By that man was that the place gets super busy with scooters and trucks flying around every corner. People that live there have a hard enough time as well and having a group of people wandering around and (at times) blocking the roads, was not really a good thing.

That being said, it was interesting to get a bit of the history of the area. This market was located near to the Beongai (Lightning) Market and Daegu Station. These markets have a long history in the area and Chilsung especially seems like it is on its last legs. However, people still need it for their livelihood.

It was interesting talking to the elderly people that came out to see what we were doing there. When the “PD” or Producer told one lady that we were filming a documentary about the market and other alleys she basically told us that they should tear down the whole market. We were a little shocked as part of the documentary was to raise awareness for these areas.

At any rate, if you are looking for a little grit and have a penchant for street photography then this is your place. There is a texture and life here. Interesting shops and dark alleyways to discover are around every corner. If you want to see the other side of life in Korea, this place should be an area to check out.

Electronics Market

This was an area that I found interesting and what I sort of expected from a city like Daegu. It was a market that popped up around the US military base and sold electronics in a time when foreign electronics were hard to come by. Now, it looks a little dated but it was very interesting to walk through and see what things they had to sell.

I was also impressed that there was a camera shop there as well. Interestingly enough, the shop came in super handy as I forgot my battery charger for my camera. The crew was using only Sony cameras and if I didn’t find a way to charge my batteries I was in trouble. I came to this realization standing in front of a camera shop.

I managed to get an off-brand charger for a very reasonable price and let me tell you being able to charge all my batteries that night was a huge relief. Also, not having to pay the the full price for a brand name charger was also nice. It is places like this that have a number of options that you might not find in the flashier department store camera shops or online with the exception of Amazon or Gmarket.

It was great to also be able to talk to some of the merchants in the market and hear their stories. The one gentleman that we interview spoke English well and you could tell that he was a genuine good person. He friend was a rescue cat that he saved off the street and now reside in his little shop. I have no idea what he fixes there but it looked extremely technical.

Kim Kwang Seok Alley

This was an area that I never heard about before the shoot and had no idea about the singer as well. . However,Kim Kwang Seok’s music and legacy means a lot to the people of Daegu. His untimely passing still tugs at the heart-strings of all of his fans. The alley pays tribute to the singer and it really is something to see. So many people enjoying his music and interacting with all of the art displays along the alley.

The area used to be quite run down and the adjoining market was slowly fading away. With the construction of the alleyway, people have once again returned the area and business owners are delighted. It was evident with the amount of people that were there on the night that we were filming.

I also had my picture taken by a young university student and he shared some tips on where to find film cameras in Daegu. I will have to check those places out when I get back there someday.

Korean Herbal Medicine Alley

This area was one of the older areas in the city and it was said that it goes back 300 years. It was the capitol for Korean traditional medicine in the old days and sadly, outside of tourism, it is starting to disappear as well. This area might not be as photogenic as the other areas but it certainly has some interesting stores.

Basically, you can find pretty much anything to do with traditional Korean medicine here. From ingredients to pharmacies, it is all here. So if you have a sharp eye, you can catching some great street scenes. Another thing to keep your eyes peeled for are the history buildings. This area is seeing some gentrification and a lot of the old buildings have been made into trendy cafes and whatnot.

The Refugee Village

This area was an interesting place. Located just behind Kyungpook University, it was were the refugees from the Korean War settled. They basically built houses out of whatever they could find and the area is like a maze. There are some interesting finds in this area for sure.

The brightly coloured houses were a part of a plan to liven up the area but it sort of fell flat. It just looks worse in my mind and the money should have been spent on helping the people that live in that area or to help improve the area in general. Sadly, many people are moving out of this area in favour of the newer style of apartments.

This was an interesting time here because it felt like we were shooting in a ghost town. There were not many people around and the ones that have stay I felt struggle each day. It was an eye-opening experience to say the least.

The Print Alley

This was a place that was super interesting to me. While it may just look like a regular street in Korea that is filled will similar shops, it has a colourful history. The area has moved around quite a bit because of the increase in costs and land value but everyone stuck together through the different moves.

What I liked most about this area was the sense of hard work that you could see in the shops. These people were experts and could get the job done. They were not just jumping on the next trend or something like that, they are experts in their field and are there to stay. Sadly, as times change this impacts their business greatly. Thus, how long this alley will be around is up in the air, especially after the COVID pandemic.

All in all, this experience and the city of Daegu really impressed me. It was interesting being on the other side of the camera for a change. I won’t lie, I am quite nervous about what I will look like on TV especially for 2 whole episodes. Thankfully, I know that the crew from Busan MBC will do their best as they are an amazing group of people.

The show is called Forbidden Alley and will air on Busan MBC. I have not yet seen the full show as I was a little out of it when I returned to Korea as it was airing but I am sure that it will be great. Thank you again for the crew and Noe for this opportunity.

 

The post Exploring The Markets and Alleyways of Daegu appeared first on The Sajin.

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Cases Increase but Remain Under 1,000 for 2 Consecutive Days Tweet

Wednesday, January 6th, 2020

The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency reports 809 local infections, and 31 infected international arrivals, for a total of 840 new cases.

Yonhap News reports health authorities say the virus curve has been slowly flattening as a result of preemptive testing and social distancing rules. However, they remain cautious over continued group infections and the spread of a new variant of the virus.

South Korea has now reported 12 cases of the more contagious variant first identified in the UK. Starting Friday, foreign nationals flying to South Korea must have a negative coronavirus test result within 72 hours of their departure.

A total of 65,818 cases have been diagnosed since the coronavirus virus first appeared in the ROK on January 20th, 2020. 20 people have died of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours for a total of 1,027 deaths.

Subscribe to Covid Korea Update with your favorite podcast app and find more news at KoreaFM.net.

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The post Cases Increase but Remain Under 1,000 for 2 Consecutive Days appeared first on Korea FM.

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Call for Participation  

 

Electronic Village Online (EVO) 2021 

 

January 11 - February 14, 2021

  

 

 

  

1. About EVO
2. EVO Communities
3. Kickoff January 10
4. SESSIONS for EVO 2021
   1. 1. CEFR VS Assessment: How can new revisions help?
      2. Classroom-based research for Professional Development
      3. Digital Imagery and Designs
      4. Effective Presentation Skills
      5. EVO Minecraft MOOC 2021
      6. Flipped_Learning_in_language_teaching 
      7. Grammar for TESOL 
      8. Immersive Storytelling in Virtual Worlds
      9. Intercultural Competence 2021 
      10. M4TEVO21
      11.  Scientific Literacy and CLIL
      12. Self-Care for Educators with Mindfulness 
      13. Shaping New Ways of Teaching English for Tourism in Uzbekistan
      14. Synchronous Online Flipped Learning Approach
      15. TECHNO CLIL 2021
      16. TEFL2YL EVO21
      17. Tools for Student Collaboration
      18. Technology for Spoken English
      19. Wellness: A Happy and Healthy You
5. Share this Call for Participation 
6. EVO information and Updates

 

 

About EVO

 

For five weeks in January and February, TESOL experts and participants from around the world engage in collaborative online discussions or hands-on virtual workshops of professional and scholarly benefit. These sessions bring together participants for a longer period of time than is permitted by land-based professional development conventions and allow a fuller development of ideas than is otherwise possible.

 

Sessions are free and open to anyone around the globe. It is not necessary to be a TESOL or IATEFL member nor to attend the TESOL

Convention in order to participate. All you need is access to the Internet.

 

We invite you to choose a session from this year's offerings listed below. Please inform your colleagues about this unparalleled professional development opportunity!

 

Click on the link for the session you want to attend, scroll down to the bottom of the page and find the joining instructions for each session there.  

 

 

 

EVO Communities

 

• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/electronicvillageonline/

• Twitter: https://twitter.com/evillageonline

• Community:  https://groups.io/g/evocommunity 

• Mailing list: https://tinyletter.com/electronicvillageonline

 

 

The Electronic Village Online Hashtag is:  #evosessions    

Click on the title of a session below to view the complete session description. You will find instructions on how to join the session on that page.

 

 

REGISTRATION IS FROM JANUARY 3 TO JANUARY 10, 2021

 

Kickoff January 10

 

The sessions begin on January 11, but are held asynchronously; that is, you can log in, begin reading, and join the discussion of the materials. However, most sessions have some synchronous activities where you gather for a live meeting on your topic of study. See your session's syllabus of weekly activities for details.

 

EVO21 Kickoff! January 10, 2021 at 2 PM UTC (9:00 AM Eastern Time (US and Canada).

 

Register in advance for this meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZItfu6gqzMoG9xWVH-w1JTo9FsvscdihdOz   

 

After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting.

Please check your timezone here: https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=EVO21+Kickoff&iso=20210110T09&p1=250&ah=1&am=30 and join our meeting

 

Recording of Kickoff for EVO21

 

 

SESSIONS for EVO 2021

 

 

----> Due to the time involved, we very strongly recommend that you sign up for no more than two sessions.

  

Click on the title of the session to find out more and learn how to join

 

Session description

Session Moderators

 Digital Imagery and Designs

 

 

In the era of digital Imagery, it is absolutely necessary for everyone to get involved in the creation of digital images and process and also to understand the basics fundamentals this includes  image retouching etc. Participant will learn how  to process the Images such as changing colour, size and enhancement and also  to extract some useful information from it. 

Peter Omal  

Rahalkar, Dr Anupama

Mushtakhusen S.M.

 

 

EVO Minecraft MOOC 2021

 

This session invites interested teachers to join us in playing Minecraft. Through meaningful play, we will learn all we can about playing Minecraft alone and together. We will learn and understand through play how Minecraft can be used effectively in language learning. We'll learn by doing and from one another. 

 

Stevens, Vance & family

Abdelmoneim, Maha

Bard, Rose & family

Briggs, Laura

Carroll, Don

Chien, Jane & family

Harrison, Kim 

Kuhn, Jeff

Patrascu, Mircea

Schwartz, Aaron

Smolčec, Marijana & family

Grammar for TESOL 

 

 

Grammar for TESOL aims to provide some general theoretical and practical knowledge of grammar as well as some suggested tasks for beginner and experienced TESOL teachers to apply their understanding of that knowledge as they prepare for more interactive grammar lessons.

Naglaa Salem

Dr. Nellie Deutsch

Masahito Watanabe

Intercultural Competence 2021 

 

 

Intercultural competence is required today more than ever to avoid conflict and misunderstanding. Due to COVID-19 lockdown, we have gone ever more online and our interactions have become even more globalized. As each culture has its own values, practices, and ways of communicating, this session will help you understand them better and therefore help you achieve your goals.

 

Mushtakhusen S.M. Patricia Andrada Dr. Nellie Deutsch

Scientific Literacy and CLIL

Self-Care for Educators with Mindfulness 

 

 

 

 

The human touch is critical to our wellbeing. In times of social distancing, online virtual meetings may seem to provide an alternative to face-to-face communication, but there are many challenges that can be facilitated by self-care. Participants of self-care for educators with mindfulness awareness practice will develop and strengthen a growth mindset to help face life and work related challenges with a caring attitude to the people they love and care for and their students. Participants will learn about the brain, self-care, and how to develop a mindfulness awareness practice. 

Dr. Nellie Deutsch

Poonam Vohra

Synchronous Online Flipped Learning Approach

 

The Synchronous Online Flipped Learning Approach (SOFLA) is a distance learning model that includes structured, interactive, multimodal activities, both asynchronous and synchronous. Participants will learn how to implement the eight-step learning cycle and will receive resources to guide them in using SOFLA. 

Buitrago, Carolina R.

Marshall, Helaine (LAINE) W. 

Philp, Heike

Rubin, Heather

TEFL2YL EVO21

 

Teaching EFL to Young Learners sessions is a hands-on session for teachers of English to Young Learners and Teens from around the world. The session will focus on activities that engage young learners. Teachers will use Flipgrid and PoodLL for student speaking, story reading, board games, limited resource classroom activities, curation tools such as Padlet, Walkelet, and Miro for collaborative work and reflections, and Screencast-o-martic for video tutorials to demonstrate learning.   

Dr. Nellie Deutsch

Judy Wong

Nives Torresi 

Sheryl McCoy

 

Technology for Spoken English

 

Many English language teachers and their students are unable to speak English fluently and accurately. Technology can facilitate the process by providing practice. This EVO21 session provides various tools to practice and improve spoken English with fluency and accuracy.

Sudarshana  L Shirude Suchita R Mahorkar 

Dr. Nellie Deutsch

Ajita Ganjale

 

<p dir="ltr" margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"="">Wellness: A Happy and Healthy You

 

In the pandemic and post pandemic times, the world will face many  economic, social and emotional  challenges. The realization of being in control of their life can empower people to ensure their wellness by taking charge of their thoughts, emotions and ways in which to deal with stressful situations. 

Dr. Anupama Rahalkar Peter Omal

Dr. Ahmed Fal MERKAZI

S. Tigmanshi

Dr. Nellie Deutsch

 

 

  Share this Call for Participation 

 

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with other e-lists and social networks.

 

Thank you for helping spread the word!

  

EVO information and Updates

 

• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/electronicvillageonline/
• EVO Community: https://groups.io/g/evocommunity
• Twitter: https://twitter.com/evillageonline 
• Mailing list: https://tinyletter.com/electronicvillageonline

 

The Electronic Village Online Hashtag is:  #evosessions  #EVO21

 

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EVO2021 (Free Teaching Workshops) Jan 11-Feb 14 Registration Now Open

Liquid Sound Podcast: Bathing Belles Tweet Your browser does not support the audio element.

Download mp3

Bathing Belles is a chilltronica duo featuring Amy Greene and Jessica Lynch. On this episode, they join host Gino Brann to talk about expiration dates on relationships, the challenges and joys of home recording, rocking out at the town general store, and have a good laugh reminiscing about their earliest songwriting efforts. They also listen to the dream-soul music of Bathing Belles.

---

Songs featured (all by Bathing Belles):

• "Silk"

• "Bird Songs"

• "Reckoning”

• "Dark Waves (live)”

---

Find and follow Bathing Belles at:

• Website: bathingbelles.net

• Instagram: @bathing_belles

• Soundcloud: soundcloud.com/bathingbelles

• Bandcamp: bathingbelles.bandcamp.com/album/silk

• Spotify: open.spotify.com/artist/0qegVdXNe2gva2pzjfvbyq?si=frk2ls_yTfK0Hvflpy8Qbg

---

• Created and produced by Gino Brann (@ginobrann)

• ginobrann.bandcamp.com

• Artwork by Jeongmin Lee (@mintheelephant)

• Intro music: "Me? Oui!" by Gino Brann

• Outro music: "Emaj9" by Bathing Belles

---

Liquid Sound, in cooperation with the Liquid Arts Network, is recorded at the Liquid Arts Network Studio, Oryukdo, Busan, South Korea.

---

• Email: [email protected]

• Website: liquidartsnetwork.com

• Instagram: instagram.com/liquidartsnetwork

• Facebook: facebook.com/liquidartsnetwork

• Twitter: twitter.com/liquidartspod

• Soundcloud: soundcloud.com/liquid-arts

 

Original Post

 

 

 

 

 

LiquidArtsNetwork.com

The Liquid Arts Network seeks to create a global community for artists. Showcasing everything from poetry, art, film, music and performance, Liquid Arts events are a mosaic of blossoming talent. 

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