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2 sliding chairs, for use on floor (have wheels underneath and are adjustable), and a large coffee machine (built-in grinder) for sale.

Reason for sale: not currently used, all in perfect condition.

Chairs: 40 for both (Colours yellow and black)

Coffee machine: 30

 

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A Picture of Bodok-hwasang from Sinwonsa Temple in Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do (Picture Courtesy of this Blog).

As the name of the sect already hints at, the Nirvana sect, or Yeolbang-jong (열반종) in Korean, follows the Nirvana sutra as its primary source of teaching. The main interpretation of this sutra is that beings have a Buddha-nature. And that Nirvana is obtained and expressed by acquiring the Buddha-nature that exists within all of us. It’s believed by scholars that the sutra dates back to around the second century based upon physical evidence and Chinese canonical catalogs. As for the Korean Buddhist form, it was transmitted by the Korean monk Bodeok-hwasang during the reign of King Muyeol of Silla (r. 654 – 661 A.D.). Before Bodeok, there was a monk named Wongwang of Silla that also studied the Nirvana Sutra in Chen (557 – 589 A.D.). However, it isn’t until a century later that the Nirvana sect grew to prominence under Bodeok.

Bodeok was originally from Yonggang, Goguryeo (present-day North Korea). While in Goguryeo, and as a monk, he was the abbot of Ballyeongsa Temple. Then, in 624 A.D., a messenger from the Goguryeo king, King Yeongnyu of Goguryeo (r. 618-642 A.D.) was sent to Tang China (618–690, 705–907) to ask for help to introduce Daoism to the Goguryeo Kingdom. The Tang emperor, Emperor Gaozu (r. 618-626 A.D.) gave consent and sent Daoist monks and images of heavenly deities to the Goguryeo Kingdom. As King Bojang of Goguryeo (r. 642 – 688 A.D.) ascended the throne, both Buddhism and Confucianism were doing quite well and flourishing within the borders of the Goguryeo Kingdom. However, Daoism was still in its infancy, so a special enjoy was sent to Tang China to ask for support from the Tang concerning Daoism.

Bodeok was critical of King Bojang of Goguryeo. Bodeok believed that the king was supporting the wrong belief system in the form of Daoism. In fact, Bodeok believed that the future of the kingdom was in jeopardy because of the king’s support of Daoism. And because the king wouldn’t listen to Bodeok, the monk voiced his displeasure and sorrow, and then he fled to the southern part of the Korean peninsula. Bodeok would flee all the way to Wansan-ju, which is now known as Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do. He would take up residence on Mt. Godaesan, which is now known as Mt. Godalsan.

As Bodeok expected, the Goguryeo Kingdom would fall in 668 A.D. After the fall of the Goguryeo Kingdom, Bodeok would found Gyeongboksa Temple, which would act as a home for him to help spread the teachings of the Nirvana sutra and the Nirvana sect. Among Bodeok’s eleven disciples, eight would found temples of their own which would help in the expansion of the Nirvana sect. Of the numerous temples established by Bodeok and his disciples, perhaps the most famous still in existence is Daewonsa Temple in Boseong, Jeollanam-do, which was founded by two brothers, Iljong and Simjeong.

After Bodeok, such prominent monks as Wonhyo-daesa (617-686 A.D.), Uisang-daesa (625-702 A.D.), and Gyeongheung would write commentaries on the Nirvana sutra, which would help to understand and expand the sutras meaning. However, it should be noted that none of these monks used the Nirvana sutra as a primary source of study; instead, it was used as a secondary source.

Daewonsa Temple in Boseong, Jeollanam-do. —

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I occasionally make videos about Hanja if I feel they're important to know, and this week's video is about the Hanja 분 (分).

The post Important Hanja: 분 (分) (한자) | Korean FAQ appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

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Hello Everyone,

I created a Facebook group for YouTubers in Korea (ENG). It was created because I couldn't find a support group where people engaged with each others' posts.

 

The rules of this Facebook group is that we have to support each other in the daily threads. 

 

Please join! https://www.facebook.com/groups/1258528581305428/

 

Cheers,

Olena

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Interested in videography and want to stabilize your footage?

I'm selling my DJI RSC2 Gimbal.

Near perfect condition. Box and accessories included.

400,000 won OBO. Email me.

Thanks.

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Is anyone interested in music production and needs a midi keyboard?

Perfect condition, Komplete Kontrol A61.

200,000 won OBO. Email me.

Thanks

Komplete a61.jpeg

• Busan

This is a great introduction to Korean apartments. This one is a basic officetel studio.

YouTube Channel: expatchick

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Curious about Korean consonants? You came to the right place! In this article lesson, we’re going to tell you everything you need to know about Korean consonants. As you learn about these Korean letters, along with Korean vowels, you’ll soon be able to form a Korean word, and eventually, sentences.

Let’s get to it!

What is “consonant” in Korean?

The Korean word for consonant is 자음 (jaeum). Consonants will help you form words in Korean with the other half of the Korean alphabet which are Korean vowels or 모음 (moeum).

How many consonants in Korean are there?

There are 14 basic Korean consonants, plus 5 double consonants which makes 19 consonants in total.

What are the basic Korean consonants?

Here are the 14 basic consonants in Korean language. The basic thought behind creating each Korean letter has been to draw the symbol with its pronunciation in mind.

KoreanRomanization ㄱg/k ㄴn ㄷd/t ㄹ r/l ㅁm ㅂb/p ㅅs(/t) ㅇng ㅈj/ch ㅊch(/t) ㅋk ㅌt ㅍp ㅎh How to pronounce Korean consonants

Although we’ve laid out the sounds in their romanization here, the correct pronunciation may not be exactly what you expect. That is because the Korean pronunciation is not directly the same way an equivalent to how English letters would be.

The Korean alphabet, 한글 (Hangeul), is a very scientific alphabet. This is used in both South Korea and North Korea. It is an official writing system where each alphabetic letter is shaped according to the sound they make and this concept is very much present in Korean consonants too. Understanding this can also help Korean learners understand each sound fast along with overall Korean pronunciation.

Basic consonant sounds

Among the 14 consonants, there are five basic consonants whose shapes are also used to determine how they should sound as you speak Korean. These five basic consonants are ㅁ, ㄴ, ㅅ, ㄱ, and ㅇ. The basic shape that each consonant represents are the following:

Bilabial – represents the shape of the lips. The bilabial consonants are ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅍ.

Alveolar – represents the shape of the tongue touching just behind the teeth. The alveolar consonants are ㄴ, ㄷ, ㅌ, ㄹ.

Alveolo-palatal/dental – represents the shape of a tooth. The alveolo-palatal or dental consonants are ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ.

Velar – represents the shape of the tongue that touches the back of the roof of the mouth. The velar consonants are ㄱ, ㅋ.

Glottal –represents the shape of the throat. The glottal consonants are ㅇ, ㅎ.

Korean consonants’ names

Below we have included some example words for each consonant letter which may help you learn the consonant sound. These words are the actual names of these Korean consonants. We have included romanization as an aid, but we advise Korean learners to focus on learning through Korean alphabet letters directly as it is more accurate.

KoreanConsonant names ㄱ기역 (giyeok) ㄴ니은 (nieun) ㄷ디귿 (digeut) ㄹ리을 (rieul) ㅁ미음 (mieum) ㅂ비읍 (bieup) ㅅ시옷 (siot) ㅇ이응 (ieung) ㅈ지읏 (jieut) ㅊ치읓 (chieut) ㅋ키읔 (kieuk) ㅌ티읕 (tieut) ㅍ피읖 (pieup) ㅎ히읕 (hieut) How to pronounce Korean double consonants

In addition to the 14 basic consonants, the Korean language also has 5 more consonants called double or twin consonants, making the Korean consonant letter tally 19. So, what are these Korean consonants? We’ll show you below!

KoreanRomanization ㄲkk ㄸtt ㅃpp ㅆss ㅉjj

The sound that this type of consonant makes when pronounced falls somewhere between plain or basic consonants and aspirated consonants in its hardness. That means, for example, that although ㄲ has ㄱ twice in it, its sound is not directly twice as hard as ㄱ.

Korean double consonant names

Just like the basic consonants, the double ones also have their own names. These are quite easy to remember if you’re already familiar with the names of the first 14 consonants that we listed above. These consonants are also called 쌍 (ssang) or “twin” letters in Korean. Here’s how each of them is called:

KoreanConsonant names ㄲ쌍기역 (ssanggiyeok) ㄸ쌍디귿 (ssangdigeut) ㅃ쌍비읍 (ssangbieub) ㅆ쌍시옷 (ssangsiot) ㅉ쌍지읒 (ssangjieut)

That was easy to memorize, right? You simply need to add 쌍 (ssang) before the respective basic consonant’s name to form the twin letters’ name!

Differences in pronunciation based on the Korean consonant type

Basically, there are three different types of Korean consonants: plain, tense, and aspirated. They are labeled into different groups according to their Korean pronunciation.

Plain consonants

Plain or basic consonants are all the ones from ㄱ to ㅈ, plus ㅎ. These Korean consonants are pronounced without any aspiration. That means, no burst of air is required to pronounce each consonant letter.

KoreanRomanization ㄱg/k ㄴn ㄷd/t ㄹ r/l ㅁm ㅂb/p ㅅs(/t) ㅇng ㅈj/ch ㅎh Tense consonants

Double or tense consonants are Hangul consonants that have pronunciations harder than the basic consonants, but not as strong as the aspirated consonants.

KoreanRomanization ㄲkk ㄸtt ㅃpp ㅆss ㅉjj Aspirated consonants

These are the aspirated consonants: ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ . Unlike the basic consonants, the aspirated consonants require such a burst of air, or aspiration, in their pronunciation. That is why their romanization sometimes comes with the h-sound.

KoreanRomanization ㅊch(/t) ㅋk ㅌt ㅍp Differences in pronunciation based on position in a syllable

There are three different positions for a consonant in a syllable: initial, medial, and final. Therefore, there are also a variety of pronunciations for each consonant. When a consonant is in an initial position, it tends to be voiceless. In simpler words, it means each consonant is pronounced as shown in the table below:

Korean consonant
on initial positionKorean consonantRomanization 가ㄱka 다ㄷta 바ㅂba 자 ㅈcha 라ㄹra 아ㅇa

Each of these consonant sounds has a rather weak Korean pronunciation. Also, the length of the sound should be short.

Initial consonants

As mentioned above, a Korean consonant in an initial position tends to be voiceless. However, notice above that there are two exceptions to the initial consonant rule. The first is ㅂ, which is the one Korean consonant that does have a “voice”, so to speak.

A Korean syllable blocks, a syllable starts with a consonant at all times. The consonant ㅇ, when used as the initial consonant in a Korean syllable, is entirely silent. If it is not the first syllable in a word, it merely strengthens the last consonant of the previous syllable, if the end of the syllable is a consonant.

Medial consonants

A medial consonant is more complex. Here the sound and pronunciation of the consonant depend on if the previous syllable ended with a consonant or a vowel. Specifically, if the medial consonant is ㄱ, ㄷ, ㄴ or ㅂ. The basic rule of thumb is that a medial consonant following a vowel will be pronounced as normal, so ㄱ is g, ㄷ is d, and so on.

A Korean consonant following a consonant, however, will be pronounced more like a tense consonant. So ㄱ would be pronounced more similarly to ㄲ, and ㄷ more similarly to ㄸ, and so on.

Final consonants

Final consonants are those that finish off a syllable, for example, ㄹ in 글 (geul). They are called 받침 (batchim) in the Korean language. This also serves as a base or support of Korean syllable blocks as it is the bottom position of consonants in a syllable block.

The 받침 is an important part of Korean pronunciation because it often determines a change in the way Korean words are pronounced. However, not all Korean syllables have 받침.

Consonants in the 받침 position can either be common or mixed final consonants.

Common Final consonants

All double and basic consonants can be used as final consonants except for ㄸ, ㅃ, and ㅉ.

Mixed Final Consonants

These consonants are also known as double batchim, there’s only a limited number of possible combinations. These are 11 of them which are: ㄳ, ㄵ, ㄶ, ㄺ, ㄻ, ㄼ, ㄽ, ㄾ, ㄿ, ㅀ, and ㅄ.

Pronunciation rules for final consonants

There are several rules that affect the sound the syllable would produce. Here is an example:

밥 (bap) –> the final ㅂ has a “p” sound, but its sound is shorter and more voiceless than the initial ㅂ

사랑 (sarang) –> here the ㅇ is pronounced as “ng”

Also, in the cases where the final consonant is followed by a syllable starting with “ㅇ”, the final consonant keeps its typical sound and ties directly with the next syllable. ㅇ will remain entirely silent when it starts the following syllable. For example:

만원 (manwon) –> the pronunciation is closer to “manon”

A further complication is the final consonants “ㄷ” and “ㅌ” when the following syllable block consists of “이” (i) where only the vowel has a sound. In these cases “ㄷ” is pronounced like “ㅈ” and ㅌ like “ㅊ”.

같이 (gachi) –> if written down based on its pronunciation, it will look more like “가치”

Furthermore, often when “ㅎ” is the final consonant or the initial consonant of the next syllable, with the previous syllable block finishing with a final consonant, it strengthens the connecting consonant. For example:

잡히다 (japida) –> the “ㅂ” will be pronounced like “ㅍ”

그렇지 (geureochi) –> the “ㅈ” will be pronounced like “ㅊ”

However, if the consonant combination is ㅎ + ㄹ, ㅎ will become silent and only ㄹ will have a sound. ㅎ will also become silent when the next syllable starts with ㅇ. Like this:

괜찮아요 (gwaenchanayo) –> the ㅎ is silent, the pronunciation jumping directly from ㄴ to the vowel ㅏ

That’s it for Korean consonants! Learning this concept as you practice how to speak Korean will surely help with your pronunciation. For further reading on how consonants and vowels, and whole Korean words are pronounced in the Korean language and other rules on Korean pronunciation, please refer to our guide on Korean pronunciation. In the next lesson, we will tackle Korean vowels with you!

The post Korean Consonants – Letters of the Alphabet (Hangul 한글) appeared first on 90 Day Korean®.

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1.Brief introduction about above company(GD1) we want to sell.

=Type of business: On-line recruiting company

=Job: Introducing Native English Teachers to academies, schools and companies.

=Foundation year and Location: 2011 and Korea

=Activity from 2011 to present: Has introduced Native English Teachers very actively/successfully through on-line to academies, schools and companies in KOREA only.

2.Future’s Option: If you like, you will be able to establish another company(or department: GD2) to introduce Native English Teachers to academies, schools and companies All Over The World. Our know-how based on lots of our experience we have obtained through GD1 for last ten years will surely help the development of GD2.

3.You must be good at Korean and English to manage GD1 in Korea. Otherwise, you will have to hire an employee who is good Korean and English. 4.This is an on-line business;thus,it is hardly affected by Covid-19

>>If you want to get more information, please contact us at [email protected]

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Medium Articles

Papago is the most popular translation app and web site for translating Korean and English, but is it perfect? Does it need to be perfect?

My friend Kenny and I tried to have a Korean conversation using only Papago, and it was impressive! But things also didn't go as well as I thought.

Find out why you might want to avoid Papago (or any other translators) when trying to learn Korean, and also when you might actually want to use it to help you.

The post I tried to talk in Korean using only Papago translator appeared first on Learn Korean with GO! Billy Korean.

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Choices Best Year Ever! Pretty Good Year Mixed Bag - Some Highs and Some Lows Just another 12 months Not Great. Ready for 2022 Terrible...Again!. F--- You 2021! Details: